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 HISTORY OF THE GosNIIAS CREATION AND ACTIVITY
Previous history of the territory
which is now occupied by the Institute
Place in the vicinity of St. Petersburg high road, then in
the Soviet years - possession ¹55 on Leningrad highway, 1-st passage of the
Airport and nowadays Viktorenko street house ¹7... The house of orphans of
Russian-Japanese war, Molotov State Library Institute, small factory of
Headquarters of Civil Aviation Fleet, base of developmental offices of
famous aircraft designers...
In 1936-39 in this place there was one of two territories of
repair plant ¹240 GVF, founded in 1924 as Central workshops of "Dobrolet".
One payable area was placed on Krasnoarmeiskaya street, 17, and the second
(territory "b", the present territory of the institute) on Leningrad
highway, 55-a near a small town of Aeroflot. Since spring 1939 PDB of Chief
Designer V.G. Ermolaev was situated at the plant ¹240 GVF. Since 1.3.40 the
plant with both territories was transferred under the solution of TO at SNK
¹95cc of 3.3.40 and by the order ¹125/26cc of 14-15.3.40 from GU GVF to NKAP
system and fixed as experimental base for PDB of Chief Designer V.G.
Ermolaev. M.P. Ozimkov became the factory manager, further this post was
taken by V.G. Ermolaev (the Chief Designer).
Activities on bomber DB-240 (Er-2)
At the end of 1941 part of staff of the plant was evacuated
according to the order by NKAP ¹1050cc of 8.10.41 to Kazan and included into
a structure of plant ¹124 NKAP 10GU for work on repair of Er-2 airplanes and
to help establish serial production under the schedule of the plant. Because
of impossibility to accommodate completely in Kazan, the activity of the
plant ¹240 on operational development of Er-2 was organized in Sverdlovsk
where these airplanes were tested. V.G. Ermolaev remained the director and
chief designer of the plant. In December of 1941 part of capacities of plant
¹240 (equipment, materials) was transferred to the structure of newly
founded plant ¹30 NKAP which was formed from the staff and equipment of
several plants. PDB-240 of V.G. Ermolaev was evacuated to Irkutsk to the
site of the plant ¹39 NKAP and was transformed into PDB of the plant ¹39
NKAP. Production of Er-2 was performed at this plant.
Since January, 1942, after the correction of situation at
the front, the plant ¹240 (as well as many other) under former number
started to be restored on the old areas in Moscow. Under V.G. Ermolaev
management activities on repair and upgrade of Er-2 started.
In April, 1942 the decision on accommodation of PDB of Chief
Designer S.V. Il’yushin at plant ¹240 was taken. In this connection under
NKAP order ¹304c of 21.4.42 for implementation of Er-2 development the staff
of V.G. Ermolaev remained in possession of part of the areas of the plant
branch (territory "b") near Frunze Central Airport. Soon (since July, 1942)
all former territory of plant ¹240 on Leningrad highway was given in
possession of V.G. Ermolaev staff as experimental base, which according to
the order ¹517 (a)c of 12.7.42 was transformed into a new independent
experimental aircraft manufacturing State Union plant ¹134 NKAP 7GU NKAP
(then - Leningrad highway, 55). PDB of Chief Designer S.V. Il'yushin was
situated on territory "a", near Krasnogvardeiskaya street.
The plant ¹134 continued to upgrade Er-2: version with two
motors M-30, modification with diesel motors M-31, passenger modification.
After V.G. Ermolaev's death (1944) the plant ¹134 under NKAP order ¹39c of
3.2.45 (or under the order ¹341c of 14.8.45) was joint with Tushino plant
¹289 NKAP of Chief Designer P.O. Sukhoy and a unified plant ¹134 NKAP was
formed. Work and staff of the former V.G. Ermolaev PDB was transferred into
the structure PDB of P.O. Sukhoy. Territorially the joint plant ¹134
henceforth was based on two territories: territory "a" in Moscow on
Leningrad highway and in Tushino.
Formation of aircraft armament institute
In 1946 there were transformations which directly concern
the history of the institute. It is necessary to mark, that in August 1944
it was planned to form the SRI-2 NKAP for work on an airplane - shell. One
of chiefs of new institute were planned to become P.O. Sukhoy (Deputy head
chief, the chief of work on designing) and B.S. Stechkin (on the engine).
However this solution was delayed up to the end of 1945. By the Decree of SM
of the USSR of 26.02.46 ¹473-192cc about development of R&D on the aircraft
technician, the organization of Institute of Aircraft Armament was
stipulated. In evolution of this document there was the order of the
Ministry of Aviation Industry (MAI) ¹290cc of 13.05.46 was issued by which
formation on the basis of laboratory ¹4 LII, arms department ¹52 SRI-1 MAI
and parts of the Bureau of New Engineering of new SRI-2 in the system of 7GU
ÌÀI was stipulated. By the same order the institute was given its own base -
auxiliary area and a hangar on territory "a" and "b" of the plant ¹134 MAI
on the Leningrad highway with total area of 1884 sq. m. In the beginning
there were great difficulties with accommodation of the basic divisions
since the plant ¹134 hesitated with transfer of the areas, where there were
its ÎRS, living quarters, some Er-2 airplanes in non-assembled condition.
For this reason employees of laboratory ¹4 actually continued to work in LII
till July - August 1946. By 1.6.46 the institute included the following
divisions:
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laboratory ¹1 of sights and aerial gunnery (3 persons),
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laboratory ¹2 of bombings and bombardment sights (13 p.),
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laboratory ¹3 machine-gun - gun arms (7 p.),
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laboratory ¹4 of bomb and mine-torpedo arms (16 p.),
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laboratory ¹6 of jet - chemical arms (4 p.),
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laboratory ¹7 of instrument makings (15 p.),
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laboratory ¹8 of informational - publishing (2 p.),
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laboratory ¹9 of flight-research in LII (30 p.),
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laboratory ¹10 of range in Faustovo (10 p.).
Total staff of the institute consisted of only 100 person.
By 1.1.47 the number of employees reached 236 persons.
At the end of 1949 the plant ¹134 was completely transferred
in Tushino to its second territory in November 1949 PDB of P.O. Sukhoy was
liquidated, after that its place was occupied by the armament PDB of the
Chief Designer I.I. Toropov, transferred from the production plant ¹43 MAI.
Nowadays it is MDB "Vympel". The freed areas and buildings of former DB of
plant ¹134 on Leningrad highway by MAI order ¹393cc of 24.5.49 were
transferred into possession of the SRI-2.
P.Ya. Zalessky became the organizer and the first chief of
the SRI-2, who previously headed 7GU MAI – that controlled experimental
aircraft construction. He headed the institute in 1946-51, V.E. Rudnev was
his deputy on scientific activity (from the 4-th department of LII), M.Ya.
Gorelik was the chief engineer (before the war he headed a development shop
at the plant ¹32, further he was the director of plant ¹454 NKAP in Kiev and
since 1941 - in Kuibyshev). In January - March 1951 V.E. Rudnev was acting
chief of the SRI-2. Since March 1951 till July 1970 the institute was headed
by V.A. Dzhaparidze (earlier the chief of laboratory in a TsAGI). More than
35 years, since September1970 the Institute was headed by Academician E.A.
Fedosov.
In 1946 the timber enterprise in Faustovo was transferred to
the institute for construction of a polygon - the future base ¹1 (A.V.
Arkharov headed it). In 1965-66 the polygon was transformed into independent
Scientific - Test Modular Institute (NIAI). On the territory of Vinograd
timber enterprise the base of field tests - base ¹2 was organized on flight
tests (headed by A.D. Stradaev). Benches and test facilities were under
construction. In 1946-49 the institute conducted activities in development
and testing of weapons system with gun B-20E by Chief Designer Berezin for a
bomber TU-4 (B-4). Further the area of activity repeatedly varied, but
always remained in the field of efficiency of combat aviation and rocket
engineering. During the first years of activity design efforts were
conducted. The subjects of jet torpedo RAT-52 (A-2, theme D-44), were
transferred together with developers under G.Ya. Dillon's management from
the SRI-1 MAI, further activities were conducted by V.P. Golikov. One of the
first domestic controlled shells of the class "air - air" was created in the
institute since 1946. Theme D-42 (shell "RSS") was investigated under E.N.
Kasherininov's management. In 1947 from V.A. Malyshev, who headed the
activities on a radiorangefinder "Gamma" (theme D-52) was transferred from
SRI-17 MAI to the SRI-2.
From the end of 1954 the subjects of controlled rocket arms
began to widely develop. For the first time the institute have started
in-depth studies of problem of homing, problems of interception efficiency.
By the decree CC and CM ¹2543-1224 of 30.12.54 the Institute is determined
as a leading organization on research works in the field of creation of
guided missiles of the "air - air" class, to be more exact - control systems
of aircraft armament. From this moment the institute has begun development
of activity on mathematical, man-in-the-loop simulation and tests of units
of "air - air", "ground - air" and air missile defense class. Frequently the
institute acted in a role of the organization that coordinates activities of
accessory manufacturers, issued ÒÒÒ and ÒÒZ, it was engaged in long-range
planning of activities in areas of battle aeronautical engineering. At one
time in this connection the SRI-2 was transferred from 7GU to 6GU MAI -
special department on rocket arms (order of MAI ¹283cc/op of 25.4.55). In
period from the end of the 50-es till 1965 the activities on space subjects
prevailed.
In 1966 the SRI-2 was transformed into ITC (Institute of
Technical Cybernetics), further to Scientific Research Institute of
Automatic Devices (till 1970), since February 1970 it was the Scientific
Research Institute of Automatic Systems (NIIAS), then Scientific Research
Institute of Aviation Systems (NIIAS). Since 1991 (90) (order of MAI ¹201 of
3.5.90) the Institute has received the name GosNIIAS, since 1994 - SCS
GosNIIAS.
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History